Simply Explained Guide of Abortion Types, Causes, Symptoms and Treatment
Written By Dr: Nabila Al-Nabarawy
Abortion is the termination of pregnancy before the age of viability of the fetus.
What’s fetus viability?
It’s the potential ability of the fetus to live outside the uterus
Timing of abortion
1-WHO and developed countries
The 20th week and 500 gm fetus weight
2-Developing countries
The 28th week and 1100-1200 gm fetus weight
3-Islamic countries
24th week
Abortion Types
1-Induced abortion
It’s the termination of pregnancy due to the expected danger of this pregnancy on the mother health because of any disease she might’ve.
2-Threatened abortion
It’s the vaginal hemorrhage that may happen in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy with abdominal muscles painful cramps.
These symptoms may indicate that abortion is expected.
3-Spontaneous abortion
It’s the type of abortion in which the miscarriage happens spontaneously due to the following causes:
Causes of Abortion
A-Maternal Causes
Chronic hypertension
Endocrine disturbances (Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus)
Chronic renal disease
Acute fevers (viral or bacterial)
Asymptomatic bacteriuria
Maternal infections as Rubella
Smoking and alcoholism
Surgical operations during early pregnancy
Local causes in the genital tract
Hypoplastic or irritable uterus
Cervical tears
Trauma to uterus
Uterus fibroid
Foreign body (intrauterine device)
Tumors (Endometriosis)
B-Fetal causes
1-Foetal growth malformations (neural tube defect)
2-Chromosomal anomalies
3-Genetic abnormalities
4-Fetus asphyxia secondarily to maternal hypoxia due to placental infarction or cord true knot disorder
Symptoms of Abortion
It’s similar to the early symptoms of pregnancy, like vaginal bleeding and lower abdominal painful cramps.
Investigations
Positive Pregnancy test or BHCG
BHCG double/2-3 days of healthy intra uterine pregnancy
Treatment
A-Conservative
1-Rest, sedation
2-Antispasmodic or tocolytics
3-Anti D in case if the mother is Rh -Ve
B-Termination of pregnancy
In case of severe bleeding or absence of foetal pulsations.
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